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ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုၾကည္ အမိန႔္ခ်သည့္ေန႔တြင္ လူထုတရပ္လံုးပါဝင္ရန္ လံႈ႔ေဆာ္စာမ်ား ပ်ံ႕ႏွ႔ံ ေ
အင္းစိန္ေထာင္ အနီးဝန္းက်င္၌ ဇူလိုင္ ၂၈ ေန႔က သံဆူးႀကိဳး အတားအဆီးမ်ားခ်၍ လုံၿခံဳေရး တင္းက်ပ္ထားသည္ကို ေတြ႕ရစဥ္ (ဓာတ္ပုံ - ေအပီ)မနက္ျဖန္တြင္ ျပဳလုပ္မည့္ ျမန္မာ့ဒီမိုကေရစီ ေခါင္းေဆာင္ ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုၾကည္၏ အမႈစီရင္ခ်က္ ခ်မည့္ကိစၥကို လူအမ်ား စိတ္ဝင္စားလ်က္ရွိၿပီး လံုၿခံဳေရးမ်ား တင္းက်ပ္ ထားသည့္ ၾကားက လူထု တရပ္လံုး ပါဝင္ရန္ ႏိႈးေဆာ္ထားသည့္စာမ်ား ပ်ံ႕ႏွံ႔လ်က္ရွိေၾကာင္း သတင္းရရွိသည္။ရန္ကုန္ရွိ ေရႊဂံုတိုင္ ေဆးခန္းတဝိုက္တြင္ ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုၾကည္ကို အမိန္႔ခ်မည့္ အခ်ိန္တြင္္ ျပည္သူ တရပ္လံုး ပါဝင္ရန္ ႏိႈးေဆာ္ထားသည့္ “တိုက္ပြဲဦးေဆာင္ေကာ္မတီ” မွ ျဖန္႔ထားေသာ စာမ်ား ပ်ံ႕ႏွံ႔ ေနေၾကာင္း ယင္းစာ ဖတ္႐ႈရသူမ်ားကေျပာသည္္။
၎ စာရြက္ ဖတ္ရႈလိုက္ရသည့္ ၿမိဳ႕ခံ တဦးက “ က်မ ဖတ္လိုက္ရတဲ့ စာမွာ တုိက္ပြဲဝင္ဖို႔ ျပင္ဆင္စို႔ ဆိုၿပီး ေရးထားတယ္။ စစ္အာဏာရွင္ႀကီးစိုးတဲ့ တရား႐ုံးကေနၿပီး ကၽြႏ္ုပ္တို႔ေခါင္းေဆာင္ ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုၾကည္ကို ေထာင္ခ်ခဲ့ရင္ က်ရာေနရာ က်ရာတာဝန္ျဖင့္ တိုက္ပြဲဝင္ႏိုင္ဖို႔ ဆိုၿပီး ႏိႈးေဆာ္ထားတာ ေတြ႔ရတယ္။ က်မ ကေတာ့ ဒီစာေလးဖတ္လိုက္ရတာ အားရွိသြားတယ္” ဟုဆိုသည္။
ရန္ကုန္ၿမိဳ႕ခံ အမ်ားစုသည္လည္း လံုၿခံဳေရး အထူးခ်ထားသည္ကိုပင္ စိတ္မဝင္စားေတာ့ဘဲ မနက္ျဖန္တြင္ အင္းစိန္ေထာင္ အထူးတရား႐ုံးရွိရာ အနီးတဝိုက္သို႔ သြားရန္ စီစဥ္ေနသည္ဟု သူက ဆက္ေျပာသည္။
အဆိုပါ ၿမိဳ႕ခံက “က်မကေတာ့ လက္ရွိ အာဏာရွင္ စနစ္ပံုစံနဲ႔ ဆက္သြားလို႔ မရဘူးလို႔ ျမင္တယ္။ လူထု သက္သာေခ်ာင္ခ်ိမယ့္ နည္းလမ္းေတြရွိႏိုင္တဲ့ စနစ္ေကာင္းျဖစ္တဲ့အထိ ဦးေဆာင္မယ့္ လူရွိရင္ ေနာက္က လိုက္ဖို႔ကေတာ့ အဆင္သင့္ပဲေလ” ဟု ဆိုသည္။
အလားတူ မႏၱေလးၿမိဳ႕၌လည္း သံဃာေတာ္မ်ားႏွင့္ ၿမိဳ႕ခံမ်ားမွာ ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုၾကည္ အမိန္႔ခ်မည့္ သတင္းကို အထူး စိတ္ဝင္စားေနၾကသည္ဟု မႏၱေလး အမ်ိဳးသား ဒီမိုကေရစီ အဖြဲ႔ခ်ဳပ္ (NLD) လူငယ္ တာဝန္ခံ တဦးကေျပာသည္။
၎က “မနက္ျဖန္ကိစၥကို ေတာ္ေတာ္ စိတ္ဝင္စားေနၾကတယ္။ ျပည္သူေတြ မခံခ်င္ရင္ေတာ့ ဆူရင္လည္း ဆူလိုက္မယ္။ ျပည္သူေတြ ဘယ္လိုေပါက္ကြဲမလဲေတာ့ မသိေသးဘူး။ ေက်ာက္ဝိုင္းေတြမွာေကာ၊ ဆိုင္ကယ္ ဝိုင္းဘက္ေတြမွာေကာ ဒီအေၾကာင္းပဲ ေျပာေနၾကတယ္” ဟုဆိုသည္။
မႏၱေလးရွိ ခ်မ္းျမသာစည္၊ ခ်မ္းေအးသာစံ၊ ေအာင္ေျမသာဇံ၊ မဟာေအာင္ေျမ စသည့္ ေလးၿမိဳ႕နယ္ရွိ ရယက ႐ုံးမ်ားတြင္လည္း လံုၿခံဳေရးမ်ား ခ်ထားသည္ ဟု သိရသည္။
ထို႔အျပင္ မႏၱေလးတြင္ အာဆီယံႏိုင္ငံမ်ားႏွင့္ အက်ိဳးတူ ပူးေပါင္း ေဆာင္ရြက္ဖက္ တ႐ုတ္၊ ဂ်ပန္၊ ကိုးရီးယား (ASEAN +3) ၏ စြမ္းအင္ဆိုင္ရာ ေဆြးေႏြးပြဲ က်င္းပေနျခင္းေၾကာင့္ အေစာင့္အၾကပ္မ်ား ယခင္ထက္ တိုးျမႇင့္ခ်ထားျခင္း ျဖစ္ေၾကာင္း ၿမိဳ႕ခံမ်ားက ေျပာသည္။
မႏၱေလး ၿမိဳ႕ခံ တဦးက “ အာဆီယံ လူႀကီးေတြ ေရာက္ေနလို႔ အေစာင့္အၾကပ္ေတြ အမ်ားႀကီး ခ်ထားတယ္။ လမ္းေထာင့္တိုင္းမွာ ရဲ ၂ ေယာက္၊ ၃ ေယာက္ေလာက္ ခ်ထားတာေတြ႔တယ္္” ဟု ေျပာသည္။
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ဖားကန္႔ရွိ အိမ္ေျခ ၁၀၀ ခန္႔ကို အာဏာပိုင္မ်ားက ဖ်က္သိမ္းခိုင္းေန
ကခ်င္ျပည္နယ္ ဖားကန္႔ျမိဳ႕မွ အိမ္ေျခ ၁၀၀ခန္႔ကုိ ျပည္နယ္အာဏာပုိင္မ်ားက ျမိဳ႕အဂၤါရပ္ႏွင့္ မညီညြတ္ဟု အေၾကာင္းျပ ခ်က္ျဖင့္ ယခုအပတ္တြင္း၌ ဖ်က္သိမ္းခုိင္းထားေၾကာင္း သိရသည္။
ဇူလုိင္လ ၈ ရက္ က ေရလ်ံမႈ ျဖစ္ခဲ့ေသာ ဖားကန္႔ တာလီေခ်ာင္ေခ်ာင္း ေဘးရွိ ၎လူေနအိမ္မ်ားကုိ ရြံညြံမ်ားထူထပ္ ေန ေသာ ေၾကာင့္ ျမိဳ႕အဂၤါရပ္ႏွင့္ မညီ္ညြတ္ဟုအေၾကာင္းျပခ်က္ျဖင့္ ျပည္နယ္အာဏပုိင္မ်ား အမိန္႔ျဖင့္ ျမိဳ႕နယ္ စည္ပင္ သာယာ အဖြဲ႕က ဖ်က္သိမ္းခိုင္းသည္ဟု ေဒသခံတဦးက ဧရာ၀တီသုိ႔ ေျပာသည္။
“အရင္ဖားကန္႔ျမိဳ႕လို႔ မသတ္မွတ္ခင္ကတည္းက ရွိခဲ့တဲ့ အိမ္ေတြျဖစ္ျပီးေတာ့ ၁၉၉၃ ခုႏွစ္ ေနာက္ပုိင္း က်ဴးေက်ာ္ေျမ လို႔ သတ္မွတ္ခဲ့ေပမယ့္ ျမိဳ႕နယ္စည္ပင္သာယာက ေငြေၾကး ေကာက္ခံျပီး ဆက္လက္ေနခြင့္ျပဳခဲ့တဲ့အိမ္ေတြပါ”ဟု ထုိေဒသခံ ကေျပာသည္။
တခ်ိဳ႕ေသာ ဖ်က္သိမ္းခုိင္းခံရသည့္ အိမ္မ်ားသည္ တန္ဖိုးအားျဖင့္ က်ပ္ သိန္း၆၀ ခန္႔ ရွိေၾကာင္း ၊ ထုိအိမ္ ေထာင္စုမ်ား ကုိ ျပန္လည္ေနရာခ်ျခင္း၊ ေလ်ာ္ေၾကးေပးျခင္းမ်ား မရွိဟု သိရသည္။
ထုိ႔အျပင္ လြန္ခဲ့ေသာ ၁၀ ရက္ခန္႔ကလည္း အိမ္ေျခ ၂၀၀ခန္႔ရွိေသာ ေမွာ္ေမာင္းကုန္းရြာ ေခၚ ဆုေတာင္းကုန္းရြာ ကုိ လည္း စစ္တပ္ပုိင္ ျမန္မာ့စီးပြားေရး ဦးပုိင္လီမိတက္ မွ ေက်ာက္တြင္းလုပ္ကြက္အသစ္မ်ား လုပ္ကုိင္ရန္အတြက္ ဖယ္ရွား ခုိင္းထားေၾကာင္း၊ ေဒသခံရြာသားမ်ားကလည္း ေဒသအာဏာပုိင္ မ်ားထံသုိ႔ ကန္႔ကြက္စာ တင္ထားေၾကာင္း အထက္ပါ ေဒသခံက ေျပာသည္။
ဖားကန္႔ျမိဳ႕တြင္ ျပီးခဲ့သည့္ ဇူလုိင္လ ၅ ရက္ေန႔ မွ စတင္ျပီး ၃ ရက္ခန္႔ မုိးသည္းထန္စြာရြာသြန္းေသာေၾကာင့္ ဥရုေခ်ာင္း ေရလ်ွံျပီး လူေနအိမ္ေျခ ၆၀ ခန္႔ ပ်က္စီး၍ လူေပါင္း ၇၀ေက်ာ္ ေသဆုံးခဲ႔သည္ဟု ေဒသခံမ်ားကေျပာဆုိသည္။ အစုိးရ သတင္းစာမ်ားတြင္ ၂၄ ဦးေသဆုံးသည္ဟု ထုတ္ျပန္ခဲ့သည္။
ဖားကန္႔ေဒသသည္ အဖုိးတန္ေက်ာက္စိမ္းမ်ား ထြက္ရွိရာ ေဒသျဖစ္ျပီး လစဥ္လူေပါင္းသိန္းခ်ီ၍ ၀င္ထြက္သြားလာေန ေသာ ေဒသတခုျဖစ္သည္။ ယခုေနာက္ပုိင္း ေက်ာက္တူးေဖာ္သည့္ ကုမၸဏီ မ်ား၏ စည္းကမ္းမဲ့ ေက်ာက္တူးဖာ္မႈ မ်ားေၾကာင့္ ေရႀကီးျခင္း၊ ေျမျပိဳျခင္းမ်ား ျဖစ္လာေၾကာင္း သိရသည္။
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Landslide Leads to Relocation of Homes
Residents in Hpakant Township said that the municipal authority ordered the relocation due to the huge displacement of soil that surrounded the homes. A torrential rain caused a landslide on July 5 along the Uru River, residents said, which killed an estimated 70 people. The official death toll was 24 people, according to state-run media. A Hpakant Township official, contacted by The Irrawaddy, said he was not authorized to comment on the number of homes relocated. A member of a Kachan relief team that responded to the landslide, who asked to remain anonymous, said the authorities didn’t pay compensation to the homeowners and many residents have no way to rebuild and nowhere to go. About 20 houses, each valued at about 5 million kyat (US $4,546), were among those ordered to be relocated, he said. A woman resident in Hpakant Township said, “Here it is difficult if something happens to you, because no one will help you. The authorities will not take care of you.” The Kachin Development Networking Group (KDNG), based on the Burmese-Sino border, said that forced relocation is common in Hpakant and residents have been forced to relocate by authorities when jade companies require more land. Awng Wa, the group’s chairman, said 40 residents were evicted from More Maung Hill in May to provide land for a mining company. The land belonged to a church and efforts by church leaders and residents to have the land returned failed. About 100 jade mining companies operate in the area. The KDNG says the environment in the area is being destroyed and local residents’ rights are being abused by the regime’s support of the jade mining enterprises. Working conditions are unsafe, and TB and HIV/AIDS are rife in the camps where the miners are housed, according to the KDNG. Several thousand workers are employed in the jade mines, which are a major source of foreign currency for the government.
An estimated 100 residents in Hpakant Township, also known as Jade Land, in northern Kachin State have been ordered to relocate following a landslide on July 5, according to local residents.
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Kachin Independence Army Celebrates Anniversary
The 48th anniversary of the Kachin Independence Army (KIA) will be celebrated on Thursday by its political wing, the Kachin Independence Organization (KIO), in Laiza on the Sino-Burmese border in Burma’s eastern Kachin State.
The KIA was founded on February 5, 1961, by three brothers, Zau Seng, Zau Tu and Zau Dan, shortly after Burma’s first prime minister, U Nu, ordained Buddhism as the state religion.
Two days later, Zau Tu and eight young Kachin attacked the government treasury in Lashio and made off with 90,000 kyat, which financed armed operations across northern Shan State and Kachin State.
The KIA launched effective actions against government forces in Kachin State throughout the early 1960s until a ceasefire was signed in 1994.
The ceasefire still holds, according to KIO Vice Chairman Dr Tu Ja. Dialogue was occurring “in a peaceful manner” between the KIO and the military government, he told The Irrawaddy on Wednesday.
Two major splits occurred within the KIO in 1969 and 1990, leading to the formation of the New Democratic Army-Kachin (NDAK), led by Zahkung Tingying, and the Kachin Defense Army (KDA), led by Mahtu Naw.
The KIA’s Col James Lun Dau said some members, such as Commander Zahkung Tingying from KIA’s 101 battalion, had sought the assistance of the Communist Party of Burma (CPB).
Members of the KIO came from Jinghpaw, Rawang, Lisu, Zaiwa, Lawngwaw and Lachyit ethnic groups, but experts say only the Jinghpaw hold any power in the organization.
“The 1969 split was not racist,” James Lun Dau said. “It was just politics. Later they sought refuge under the CPB’s military umbrella.”
The NDA-K, based in Pang Wa, was founded by former KIA Commander Zahkung Tingying and Layawk Zelum. The NDA-K was the first Kachin group to sign a ceasefire agreement with the military government in 1989, shortly after the collapse of the CPB.
The KDA was founded in 1990 by Mahtu Naw, commander of the KIA’s 4th brigade, based in Northern Shan State. After the breakaway from the KIA, the KDA signed a ceasefire agreement with the ruling military government and defected to Rangoon in 1990.
After 14 years, the KIA rebelled against the Rangoon government. In 1975, the KIO’s top leaders— Zau Seng, Zau Tu and Pung Shwe Zau Seng—were assassinated at the Thai-Burma border. Brang Seng, who negotiated the ceasefire agreement in 1994, took over as KIO chairman and appointed Zaung Hkra as KIO secretary.
The KIO entered into talks with the government of Gen Ne Win’s government in 1963 and 1980, but nothing materialized. On February 24, 1994, the KIO signed a ceasefire agreement with the ruling State Law and Order Restoration Council (SLORC).
KIO Chairman Zau Mai was ousted in February 2001 by a reformist faction within the party, in a coup at the KIO headquarters in Laiza. Since then, Lamung Tu Jai has led the KIO.
KIO leaders are often accused of treating the Kachin people no differently from the regime.
“The KIO hasn’t achieved autonomy or independence for the Kachin State and that’s depriving the Kachin people of hope,” said Aung Wah, chairman of the Kachin Development Network Group.
Ethnic sources in Kachin State also accuse the KIO of collecting taxes at border crossings with China and engaging in various business deals, including granting logging, mining and gambling concessions to local and Chinese investors throughout Kachin State.
“If they continue this way, we’ll never get what we want,” said Naw La, of the All Kachin Students and Youth Union.
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Kachin Army
Kachin Independence Organization (KIO)—Founded on February 5, 1961 by Zau Seng and his brothers Zau Tu and Zau Dan along with hundreds of Kachin youth in northern Shan State. The first operation was to attack a military base near Kutkhai, northern Shan State. In early 1961, the KIO shifted to Bamaw area in Kachin State from which they launched their operations.
In 1968 the KIO entered an agreement with the Communist Party of Burma (CPB) to combine forces. The KIO also gave military training to ethnic armed groups such as the Palaung and Rakhine insurgents and gave access and passage rights through areas controlled by them to Naga and Mizo insurgents from India.
In 1975 after the assassination of KIO leaders Zau Seng, Zau Tu and Pung Shwe Zau Seng in Thai-Burma border, Brang Seng took over as KIO Chairman and appointed Zaung Hkra as Secretary of the KIO. The KIO had been a fully fledged member of the National Democratic Front (NDF), an ethnic army alliance.
On February 24, 1994, the KIO entered a ceasefire agreement with the State Law and Order Restoration Council. Previously, the KIO did negotiate with Burmese authorities in 1963 and 1980, but without success. Zau Mai became a new leader of the KIO after former leader Brang Seng died just a couple months after the ceasefire.
In February 2001, Zau Mai was ousted and placed under detention by a reformist faction within its own organization that staged a coup at the KIO headquarters at Lai Sin near the China border. Since the coup, Lamung Tu Jai has been the leader of the KIO.
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Kachin Defense Army (KDA)—An armed organization founded in 1990 by Mahtu Naw, commander of the Kachin Independence Army’s 4th brigade based in northern Shan State. After the breakaway from its mother organization, KDA signed a ceasefire agreement with the ruling State Law and Order Restoration Council in the same year. The area controlled by KDA is now called Shan State Special Region 5.
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New Democratic Army-Kachin (NDA-K)—Founded by former KIO officers Zahkung Tingying and Layawk Zelum. NDA-K is the first Kachin group to reach a ceasefire agreement with the State Law and Order Restoration Council, in 1989, after the collapse of the CPB the same year. The organization is based in Pang Wa, former headquarters of the CPB’s 101 War Zone, situated on the Sino-Burma border. The area controlled by the group is called Kachin State Special Region 1.
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Kachin State National Congress for Democracy (KNCD)—A political party founded in Myitkyina by Kachin politicians led by Ubyit Tu, former State Council member of Ne Win’s socialist BSPP government. The party won three seats in Kachin State in the 1990 general election. Leading party members were arrested and the party was barred from political activities after the election. The KNCD, led by Gumgrawng Zau Ing and Bawm Lang, became a member of the United Nationalities Alliances (UNA), led by Khun Tun Oo, chairman of Shan Nationalities League for Democracy.
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Kachin People’s Party (KPP)—Founded on April 17, 2002 in Thailand by young Kachin inside and outside of Kachin State to lay the foundation for an “appropriate and meaningful democratic nation” which is essential to Kachin people and to resist all forms of dictatorship and despotic rule. The KPP leader is Gumgrawng Aung Wa.
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Kachin National Organization (KNO)—A political organization founded by overseas Kachin and a group of elders from the Kachin homeland on January 9, 1999. KNO strives for an independent homeland and democratic government. Its leader is Bawmwang La Raw.
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All Kachin Student and Youth Union (AKSYU)—Founded on August 5, 1996 by exiled Kachin Student in India. The same year, AKSYU became a member organization of the Students and Youth Congress of Burma (SYCB), an opposition student and youth alliance.
AKSYU branched out to open offices in Thailand in 1998, Europe in February 2002 and China in Septemeber 2002. The all Kachin Students and Youth Union (AKSYU) is currently a member organization of the Students and Youth Congress of Burma (SYCB), United Nationalities Youth League (UNYL), and United Nationalities’ Democratic Congress (UNDC).
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US extends Myanmar sanctions
US President Barack Obama extended sanctions against Myanmar, including a ban on gem imports, as the military regime prepares a verdict for democracy leader Aung San Suu Kyi. The White House in a brief statement said Obama signed into law a bill overwhelmingly approved by Congress that would prolong sanctions on all imports from Myanmar for three years. The sanctions were due to expire this week. The measure also confirms a ban on US sales of Myanmar's gems, which had until last year still entered the US market due to a now-plugged loophole. "We must show the military regime currently ruling with an iron fist in Burma that there are consequences for their actions," said Crowley, a New York lawmaker from Obama's Democratic Party. He denounced Myanmar's "brutal campaign against its own people," which has triggered a major refugee problem, along with the regime's refusal to let UN chief Ban Ki-moon even see Aung San Suu Kyi on a recent visit. Aung San Suu Kyi has been in jail or under house arrest for 13 of the last 19 years since the junta refused to recognize her party's landslide victory in Myanmar's last national elections, in 1990. A Myanmar court on Friday will deliver a verdict on the Nobel Peace Prize winner, who faces up to five years in prison over a bizarre incident in which an American man swam uninvited to her lakeside house. Myanmar, one of the world's poorest countries, is the source of some of the world's most beautiful rubies -- a key source of revenue for the junta. The European Union, Australia, Canada and New Zealand also have slapped sanctions on Myanmar's gems, although some Asian nations continue to buy them.
Congressman Joseph Crowley, who introduced the bill in the House, said that the junta in Myanmar, earlier known as Burma, "must be stopped."
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Gauri Zau Seng
Gauri Zau Seng
Born in 1942 in Myitkyina. Science student at Rangoon University in the early 1960s; active in Kachin Student movement. Went underground in 1964 with the Kachin Independence Army. Succeeded Zau Tu as commander of the KIA’s 2nd Brigade (western Kachin State) in 1975. Became member of the central committee of the Kachin Independence Organization 1977. Led a Kachin delegation to the Thai border in 1983, the first time since the assassination of Zau Seng, Zau Tu and Phungshwi Zau Seng in 1975. Become vice chairman of the National Democratic Front in July 1991. The main Kachin representative in Thailand since 1983. Became leading member and policy maker of the Kachin Independence Organization after 2001 coup de tate. He became a vice president of KIO after reshuffling some senior leaders due to the possible coup attempt in its headquarter in January 2004.
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Zahkung Ting Ying
Zahkung Ting Ying
Kachin of Ngochan tribe from the Yunnan frontier. Broke with the Kachin Independence Army and joined the Communist Party of Burma in early 1968. Established the CPB’s 101 War Zone in the Panwa-Kambaiti area of eastern Kachin State together with Zalum, another KIA defector. Joined the 1989 mutiny, and his former CPB unit, now renamed the New Democratic Army-Kachin, was legalized on 15 December 1989 and become government-recognized militia force. Current leader of New Democratic Army-Kachin.
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Zawng Hra
Zawng Hra
Born in 1935 in Sumprabum, Kachin State. Studied at the Kachin Baptist School in Myitkyina before being admitted to Rangoon University in 1955. Acquired a BA degree a few years later and worked for a while as sub-divisional officer of Sumprabum. Joined the Kachin rebles in 1963. General secretary of Kachin Independence organization since1976; attended peace talks in Rangoon in 1980. Accompanied Brang Seng abroad in 1987; returned to Kachin State in 1988. Become a vice Chairman of KIO after coup de tate in early of 2001.
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Lamung Tu Jai
Lamung Tu Jai
Born in 1930 in Kutkai, Shan State. Studied at Kutkai middle school up to 8th Standard. Joined the 4th Kachin Rifles in 1950 and become lance coporal in 1956. Joined the Kachin rebel movement in 1961. Brigade commander (the Kachin Independence Army) in Putao area of Kachin State in 1973. Become chief of staff of the KIA in 1975; handed over his duties to Zau Mai in 1980. Member of central committee of the Kachin Independence Organization since 1975. Become a leader of Kachin Independence organization after former leader Zau Mai ousted by the coup de tate in 2001.
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Malizup Zau Mai
Malizup Zau Mai
Born in 1936 in Manhkring village near Myitkyina. Studied at the Baptist High School in Myitkyina; obtained a degree from Rangoon University in 1959. Joined the Kachin Independence Army in 1962. Participated in 1963 peace talk with the Rangoon government. Commander of the KIA’s 4th Brigade (northeastern Shan State) in 1972. Fought battles with Communist forces in the area until peace treaty was reached in 1976. Become vice Chairman of the Kachin Independence Organization in 1975 and chief of staff of the KIA in 1980. Led the KIO delegation which held talk with the military authorities in Myitkyina in September 1993. Leader of KIO until a coup de tate by the reformist in February 2001 at the headquarter, Laisin. Charged with several treason cases and under house arrested at tha KIO headquarter.
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Naw Seng
Naw Seng—Born in 1922 in Man Peng Loi village, Lashio township, Shan State. Joined the Burma Frontier Force, Lashio Battalion. Led resistance against the Japanese in Kachin Hills during World War II; Jamedar in British-organized Northern Kachin Levies. Twice awarded the Burma Gallantry Medal by the British for his role in the anti-Japanese resistance. Captain in the 1st Kachin Rifles in 1946; fought against the Communist Party of Burma in Irrawaddy delta region in 1948. Defected to Karen rebel along with his batallion in February 1949. Led the upper Burma campaign against the Rangoon government and set up the Pawngyawng National Defense Force (the first Kachin rebel army in Burma) in November 1949. Retreated to into China form Mong Ko in northern eastern Shan State in April 1950. In exile along with a few hundred followers in China’s Guizhou province until 1968. Vice military commander (under Than Shwe) of the first CPB unit that entered Burma on 1 January 1968. Military commander of northern eastern command in September 1969. Died under mysterious circumstances in the Wa Hill on 9 March 1972.
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KIO hpyi ai lam hpe "Matsan dum ai": Myen chyumtari Than Shwe
| Myen hpyen asuya a chyumtari Dukaba Than Shwe gaw, ya hpang jahtum Wunpawng Mungdan Shanglawt Hpung (KIO) kawn tang hpyi ai lam ntsa "Matsan dum ai" nga nna, n hkap la ai lam tsun wa sai hpe Naypyitaw mungdan mare daju shiga lawk kawn chye lu ai. Myen chyumtari Than Shwe hku nna KIO hpe "matsan dum ai" ngu tsun ai lam gaw, du na shaning ralata poi galaw wa yang, pru wa na Jinghpaw Mungdaw asuya n'nan hta KIO salang ni ading tawk shanglawm lu na lam hpyi ai hpe n mai byin ai lam, tsun wa ai rai nga ai. Dukaba Than Shwe tsun ai hta, "KIO gaw Mungdan Gawda ai Tara nhprang hpe madi shadaw sai hte maren, KIO hpyi ai mungmasa, hpyen masa ahkaw ahkang gaw ya ten n mai byin mat sai rai nna, lama KIO hpyi ai hpe jaw ga nga yang, Mungdan Gawda ai Tara hpe bai ka ra na re majaw, n mai byin sai re lam" tsun wa ai hpe Dukaba Than Shwe hte ni kahtep ai shiga lawk kawn chye lu ai. Dukaba Than Shwe n hkap la ai hta, KIO hpyi tawn ai tinang Wunpawng Mungdan Shanglawt Hpyendap (KIA) hpe Myen hte n garau ai Jinghpaw hkrai san re ai, Kachin Regional Guard Force (KRGF) gale na lam mung, rai nga ai. Hpyen asuya hku nna KIA hpe byin shangun mayu ai lam gaw, Jarit Sin Hpyendap (Border Guard Force, BGF) rai nga ai.Ya ten, Myen hte Shanglawt (KIO) lapran mungmasa, hpyen masa yat yat shaja hkat wa sai raitim, Myen wa hku nna KIO hpyi ai hpe hpa mahtai n jaw shi ai zawn, KIO mung Myen wa hpyi ai lam hpe hpa "Ahpraw-Achyang" mahtai n jaw shi ai re. Ndai ten, Myen a Dingdung Daw Daju (Ma Pa Hka) Taimu (Dap Up), Du Daju Soe Win gaw J.W Hkristan nawku hpung hkum hkra na hpung woi sara ni hte hkrum shaga mungga tsun ai lam hpe July 29, mani bat Masum Ya shani, Mungdaw mare daju Myitkyina e galaw wa sai re. Ndai laman sha, Taimu hte J.W hpung woi sara ni lapran ndai lang hte 2 lang ngu na hkrum lu ai lam rai nna, ndai lamang hpe J.W Hkalup Hpung Ginjaw (KBC) a amumadu dingsa hte simsa lam tam lapran salang mung rai nga ai, Rev. Dr. Lahtaw Saboi Jum kawn Myen hpyen asuya de hpaji jaw ai hte maren, Taimu wa galaw wa ai re lam, KBC shiga lawk kawn chye lu ai. Raitim, ya ten, J.W mungchying shawa ni hku nna KIO/A hpe byin shangun mayu ai gaw, "lum-nai, hpat wat" mungmasa hta n tsap ai sha, "Ahpraw snr Achyang mungmasa hta tsap na hpe grau ra sharawng ai lam, buga kata shiga lawk ni kawn chye lu ai. |
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Snr-Gen Than Shwe Rejects KIO's Demands
The Burmese military junta supremo Snr-Gen Than Shwe has responded curtly and rejected the latest demands of the Kachin Independence Organization (KIO), said sources close to Naypyitaw, the capital of the country.
The military ruler was responding to the KIO's demands to the junta early this month regarding direct power sharing in the new Kachin State government after next year’s elections, where members of KIO have to be included in the administration, legislation and the judiciary.
Snr-Gen Than Shwe has said that the KIO's demands cannot be met at this point of time because the country's new constitution cannot be amended. If the junta has to give into KIO's demands, the constitution needs to be rewritten, he reportedly said, the sources added.
Naypyitaw sources said, Snr-Gen Than Shwe also rejected the other KIO demand to transform its armed-wing the Kachin Independence Army (KIA) to a Kachin Regional Guard Force (KRGF), which will be formed with only ethnic Kachins and not be controlled by the junta. The regime had proposed transformation of the KIA to a battalion-level Border Guard Force (BGF).
Snr-Gen Than Shwe has made it clear that he cannot negotiate any military or political demand of the KIO except the co-operational agenda between the two, Naypyitaw sources added.
"We proposed what we want to the junta, just as it proposed what it wants from the KIO," Dr. Manam Tu Ja, the Vice-president No. 2 of KIO and former leader of KIO delegates to the junta-run National Convention told KNG last week.
In the midst of growing tension between the KIO and the junta, both militarily and politically, the junta's Northern regional (Kachin State) commander Maj-Gen Soe Win met Kachin church leaders for the second time on the KIO's latest demands in Kachin State's capital Myitkyina yesterday. The meeting followed a suggestion by Rev. Dr. Lahtaw Saboi Jum, former general secretary of Kachin Baptist Convention (KBC) and a current peace mediator.
Political circles in Myitkyina said, the junta is mobilizing Kachin church leaders with small cash and food donations, granting cell phones, GSM mobile phones and landline phones so that church leaders can influence and pressurize the KIO/A on the BGF issue.
According to Kachin political analysts in Myitkyina, till now, the KIO has been enjoying a level of political and military rewards from the junta for supporting the National Convention for drafting the country's constitution and the referendum on the new constitution.
Now, the KIO is suffering because of the rewards that it took, where it is increasingly being pressurized to accept the BGF by the junta, said the local political analysts.
Meanwhile, Kachin people inside Burma and overseas have suggested that the KIO/A wage war if necessary against the ruling junta until Kachins and people of the country achieve democratic rights.
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Zaiwas - The Most Educated People Among The Kachins
Zaiwas are considered to be the most educated people among the Kachins. It's just a fact that Most of Zaiwas were born of leaders among the Kachins. It's because the Zaiwas dominated in most of the plain areas where they have chances to educate themselves and contact with different people around the world where as Jinghpaws and other people are occupying in hilly areas and have difficult chance to do as such.Zaiwas are Kachins living mainly in Yunnan Province of the People's Republic of China and a few thousands in Sinli Manmaw (Bhamo). Zaiwa is a Tibeto-Burman language spoken in the southwest corner of Yunnan province in China, as well as in neighbouring parts of Burma. It is spoken by approximately 500,000 people. Burmese is the best known near-linguistic relative of Zaiwa. However, the closest linguistic relatives of Zaiwa are Achang, Maru and Lashi/Letsi/Lachit, which are unwritten, or have been so until recently. In recent years, a Zaiwa transliteration system has been created, which is now mainly used for primary school materials as well as for other publications.
Due to complicated historical factors which are as yet unclear, the speakers of different languages, i.e. Jinghpaw, Zaiwa, Maru and Lashi/Letsi/Lachit, and possibly some more minor languages such as Bola - but excluding Achang - appear to share a great deal of their culture and cohabit the same villages and cities. This all-encompassing ethnic is often referred to as Kachin or Jinghpaw (Jingpo in Chinese). Most of these people live in Burma, where the speakers of Jinghpaw are in the majority, and speakers of Zaiwa in the minority. Within China itself, however, the situation is reversed in that speakers of Zaiwa are the largest part of the official Jingpo minority group, whereas the ethnic Jinghpaw speakers form a minority. Nevertheless, Zaiwa speakers consider themselves to be Jinghpaw. Jinghpaw also means Human being. This situation has often baffled researchers, since Jinghpaw on one hand, and Zaiwa, Maru, Lashi/Letsi/Lachit and Bola on the other, belong to totally different branches of the Tibeto-Burman language family but Kachins themselves unite as one body so that no one can drive a wedge among them.
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Kachin State
Kachin State is the land of mountain ranges where the May Hka and the Mali Hka rivers are born. It is located in the north and north-east of Myanmar between 23o 38'N and 28o 31'N latitudes and 95o48'E and 98o 47'E longitudes.
Area & populationThe Kachin State has common boundaries with the People's Republic of China in the east and north-east and India on the west. It adjoins Sagaing Division on the west and Shan State on the south. Its area is 34,379 square miles and its population is 903,982, comprising 18 Townships, 699 Wards and Village-Tracts, inhabited by Kachins, Shans, Myanmars, Jingphaws, Lisus, Atsis, Lashis, Rawans, Marus, Kadus and Kanans. CapitalThe State capital is Myitkyina and the 10th January is the State day. The Kachin Manaw Festival is also another interesting culture of the ethnic groups of Myanmar. The festival is usually held during January together with the State Day. ResourcesTropical deciduous forests and evergreen forests grow in the Kachin State producing teak, pyinkado (Inga Xylocarpa) and other valuable woods.The principal occupation of Kachin State is agriculture: paddy, sugar cane and groundnut are grown in river valleys and paddy and sugar cane are grown on the plains. Kachin State has three dams: the Paungnet-chaung Dam, Putao Dam and Washawng Dam. Washawng Dam , situated near Washawng village in Waingmaw Township, supplies water to 17,450 acres of agricultural land.Natural resources of Kachin State include gold, silver, copper, iron, lead, amber, jade, crystal and coal. Namma gold mines and Hpakant jade mines are well-known. Sahmaw State sugar mill and Namti State sugar mill supply sugar for home consumption. Famous and rare Myanmar orchids are found in Kachin State. Mountain rangesThe highest mountain of Myanmar, Hkakaborazi lies in this state. There are also other mountains such as Hpone Kan Razi for trekking tours. Theses mountains are descendents of the Himalaya Mountain ranges.EcotourismKhakaborazi national park is located in Naungmung township of Kachin state, the northernmost state of Myanmar. The park occupies an area of 1,472 square miles. The year of establishment is 1996. The objective of the part is to conserve natural forests and wildlife in the northern part of Myanmar. To established and maintain a national park of high-quality and up to the standard of modern environmental conservation policies.
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Kachin's Anti-Government Forces
Kachin's Anti-Government Forces
Burma drew the Union Constitution in 1947 and so got the united independence in 1948.
(BOXUN Received S.H.A.N. & Kachin Post Published by Burma's Chinese)
-Maung Chan
The constitution of 1947 has promised that if a state finds the union is negative to its own national interest, it can leave the union after 10 years of independence.
Because the Burmese Army practises Chauvinism and dictatorship to oppress all other nationalities, nationalities of Karen, Karenni, Mon, Shan, Arakan, Chin etc have carried on armed struggle for their national equal rights. 10 years after independence, 1958, the national representatives expressed their great dissatisfaction at the parliament.
Result: there came up Burmese Army's "Take-Care Government" in 1959, with the bayonet pointing to them. All nationalities became more dissatisfied and opposed the Chauvinism and dictatorship more strongly.
On February 5, 1961 Zau Seng and his brothers Zau Tu and Zau Dan along with hundreds of Kachin youth established in northern the Shan State Kachin Independence Organization (KIO). Their first operation was to attack a military base near Kutkhai, northern Shan State.Then they shifted quickly to Bamaw area in Kachin State. From this revolutionary base,they launched their long-term national revolution.
On Mar 2,1962, Ne Win's Burmese Army seized the power through a coup.They ended the parliamentary democracy and abolished the Union Constitution:
They did -dismiss all organisations including students' union.
On 7-7-1962 shoot dead hundreds peacefully demonsrating Rangoon University students and drive all students home.
In 1963 reclose down all universities in Burma and expell for ever the students who dare to appeal for domestic peace.
In 1964 under the name of "natinalisation and socialist economy", occupy all private enterprises in Burma, by annulling without compensation the banknotes of 100K and 50K,loot the people's fortune.
In 1966-67, launch anti-Chinese campaign and massacred Burma's Chinese in order to escape from nation-wide famine.
Stir up in turn various racist and religious conflicts to flee economic and politic crises.
Rule the country with military dictatorship till now In 1968 the KIO combined forces with the Communist Party of Burma (CPB)to fight the Burmese junta. Nationally they gave military training to ethnic armed groups such as the Palaung and Rakhine insurgents, internationally they gave access and passage rights through areas controlled by them to Naga and Mizo insurgents from India.
In 1975 the KIO leaders Zau Seng, Zau Tu and Pung Shwe Zau Seng were assassinated at the Thai-Burma border. Brang Seng took over as Chairman and Zaung Hkra as Secretary of the KIO. At that time the KIO was the main force in the National Democratic Front (NDF), an ethnic army alliance.
On 24-2-1994, the KIO entered a ceasefire agreement with the regime (State Law and Order Restoration Council). In fact in 1963 and 1980 the KIO had already tried his best for domestic peace negotiation with Burmese authorities but in vain. A few months after the cease-fire, Brang Seng died. Zau Mai became KIO's new leader.
In February 2001, a reformist faction within KIO staged a coup at the KIO headquarter at Lai Sin near the China border. They detented Zau Mai and later ousted him. Lamung Tu Jai became the leader of the KIO.
A political group formed secretly on 24-1-2005 The Kachin Solidarity Council in Pang Wa, the NDA-K headquarter,including a Joint Military Commission and a Joint Economic Commission. It seems a parallel organization against the KIO's Kachin Consultative Assembly, KCA, which was formed in 2002 .
According to the Kachin Independence Organization, KIO, the council is led by Zahkung Ting Ying, leader of the New Democratic Army-Kachin, and 3 deputy leaders: Col Lasang Awng Wah, who is the leader of a KIO splinter group, Mahtu Naw, the leader of Kachin Defense Army and Bawmwang La Raw, a leader of Kachin National Organization, KNO.
People believe that the great master behind them is the Burmese junta.
The KSC statement pointed out that people in Kachin State must live under the control of the Burmese military government and engage in development projects under their guidance step by step to democratic country. It criticised KIO leaders "conservative" and their policies "not upgrade".
By his new house opening ceremony -in Muse of Northern Shan State on 7£ 2£ 2005 , Zahkung Ting Ying, leader of New Democratic Army-Kachin, even demanded to dissolve Kachin Independence Organization, KIO, for sake of forming united and peaceful Kachin community.
People say that they are now neither KIO nor cease-fire group, they are in fact the border security militia group of Burmese Army.
Besides the old revolutionary KIO, the following are some Kachin organisations:
Kachin Defense Army (KDA)
An armed organization founded in 1990 by Mahtu Naw, commander of the Kachin Independence Army's 4th brigade based in northern Shan State. After the breakaway from its mother organization, KDA signed a ceasefire agreement with the ruling State Law and Order Restoration Council in the same year. The area controlled by KDA is now called Shan State Special Region 5.New Democratic Army-Kachin (NDA-K)
Founded by former KIO officers Zahkung Tingying and Layawk Zelum. NDA-K is the first Kachin group to reach a ceasefire agreement with the State Law and Order Restoration Council, in 1989, after the collapse of the CPB the same year. The organization is based in Pang Wa, former headquarters of the CPB's 101 War Zone, situated on the Sino-Burma border. The area controlled by the group is called Kachin State Special Region 1.Kachin State National Congress for Democracy (KNCD)
A political party founded in Myitkyina by Kachin politicians led by Ubyit Tu, former State Council member of Ne Win's socialist BSPP government. The party won three seats in Kachin State in the 1990 general election. Leading party members were arrested and the party was barred from political activities after the election. The KNCD, led by Gumgrawng Zau Ing and Bawm Lang, became a member of the United Nationalities Alliances (UNA), led by Khun Tun Oo, chairman of Shan Nationalities League for Democracy.Kachin People's Party (KPP)
Founded on April 17, 2002 in Thailand by young Kachin inside and outside of Kachin State to lay the foundation for an "appropriate and meaningful democratic nation" which is essential to Kachin people and to resist all forms of dictatorship and despotic rule. The KPP leader is Gumgrawng Aung Wa.Kachin National Organization (KNO)
A political organization founded by overseas Kachin and a group of elders from the Kachin homeland on January 9, 1999. KNO strives for an independent homeland and democratic government. Its leader is Hawwa Ja La.All Kachin Student and Youth Union (AKSYU)
Founded on August 5, 1996 by exiled Kachin Student in India. The same year, AKSYU became a member organization of the Students and Youth Congress of Burma (SYCB), an opposition student and youth alliance.AKSYU branched out to open offices in Thailand in 1998, Europe in February 2002 and China in Septemeber 2002. The all Kachin Students and Youth Union (AKSYU) is currently a member organization of the Students and Youth Congress of Burma (SYCB), United Nationalities Youth League (UNYL), and United Nationalities' Democratic Congress (UNDC).
The following are Kachin heros and leaders of the time:
Lahpai Naw Seng:
Born in 1922 in Man Peng Loi village, Lashio township, Shan State. Joined British Burma Frontier Force, Lashio Battalion. Led resistance against the Japanese in Kachin Hills during World War II; Jamedar in British-organized Northern Kachin Levies. Twice awarded the Burma Gallantry Medal by the British for his role in the anti-Japanese resistance. Captain in the 1st Kachin Rifles in 1946 and fought against the Communist Party of Burma in Irrawaddy delta region in 1948.
Worked with Karen rebel in February 1949. Led the upper Burma campaign against the Rangoon government and set up the Pawngyawng National Defense Force (the first Kachin rebel army in Burma) in November 1949. Retreated to into China form Mong Ko in northern eastern Shan State in April 1950. In exile along with a few hundred followers in China's Guizhou province until 1968. Burma launched during 1964-67 anti-China campaign, as vice military commander (under Than Shwe) of the first CPB unit he entered Burma on 1 January 1968. Became military commander of northern eastern command in September 1969. Died under mysterious circumstances in the Wa Hill on 9 March 1972.
Lahtaw Zau Seng:
Born in 1928 in Kapna Bang Shau village near Hsenwi, northern Shan State, where his father, Balawng Du, was a Baptist pastor. Studied up to 7th standard in Hsenwi and served with the US-organized Detachment 101 as junior intelligence officer during World War II. Joined the 1st Kachin Rifles after the war and went underground with his commander, Naw Seng in 1949. Remained behind with Karen and Karenni reble in Burma when Naw Seng retreated to China in 1950.
Closedly connected with right-wing circle in Thailand in the 1950; attended meeting with the World Anti-Communist League in Saigon and Taiwan. Returned to Kachin State in 1958 to organized an uprising there; formed the Kachin Independence Army on 5 February 1961 together with his brothers Zau Tu and Zau Dan.President of the Kachin Independence Organization and commander of the KIA. Returned to the Thai border in 1965 to set up a based at the Tam Ngob headquarter of the 3rd Kuomintang. Assassinated near Tam Ngob along with Zau Tu and KIO general secretary Pungshwi Zau Seng on 6 August 1975.
Pungshwi Zau Seng:
Born in Hu Bren Pung Shwe near Kutkai in northeastern Shan State. Studied engineering, art, philosophy and political science at Rangoon University in 1955-59. Civil servant in northeastern Shan State before he joined the Kachin rebellion in 1961. General secretary of the Kachin Independence Organization and staunch anti-communist. Accompanied Zau Tu to the Thai border in 1973. Assassinated on 6 August 1975 near Tam Ngob along with Zau Seng and Zau Tu.\
Maran Brang Seng:
Born in 1930 in Hpakan, Kachin State. Educated in Kachin Baptist School, Myitkyina; entered Rangoon University in 1952 and obtained a BA and a BEd in 1995. Burma's delegate to the YMCA to Singapore in 1957; headmaster of Myitkyina Baptist school 1957-60 and its principle 1961-63. Went underground with Kachin Independence Organization in 1963. Led the first Kachin rebel delegation to China in 1967. Chairman of KIO since 1975. Made peace with the Communist Party of Burma in 1976 and led the delegation of National Democratic Front to the CPB's Panghsang headquarters in March 1986. Left Kachin State in late 1986 to travel abroad. Become vice chairman of Democratic Alliance of Burma on 18 November 1988 and was attached to its headquarter at Manerplaw on the Thai-Burma border until KIO made peace with Rangoon in April 1993. Suffered a stroke on 21 October 1993 in Kunming,Yunnan ,died on August 8 1994.
Mali Zup Zau Mai:
Born in 1936 in Manhkring village near Myitkyina. Studied at the Baptist High School in Myitkyina; obtained a degree from Rangoon University in 1959. Joined the Kachin Independence Army in 1962. Participated in 1963 peace talk with the Rangoon government. Commander of the KIA's 4th Brigade (northeastern Shan State) in 1972. Fought battles with Communist forces in the area until peace treaty was reached in 1976. Become vice Chairman of the Kachin Independence Organization in 1975 and chief of staff of the KIA in 1980. Led the KIO delegation to hold peace talk with the military authorities in Myitkyina in September 1993. Leader of KIO until a coup by the reformist in February 2001 at the headquarter, Laisin. Charged with several treason cases and under house arrested at tha KIO headquarter.
Lamung Tu Jai:
Born in 1930 in Kutkai, Shan State. Studied at Kutkai middle school up to 8th Standard. Joined the 4th Kachin Rifles in 1950 and became lance coporal in 1956. Joined the Kachin rebel movement in 1961. Brigade commander (the Kachin Independence Army) in Putao area of Kachin State in 1973. Became chief of staff of the KIA in 1975; handed over his duties to Zau Mai in 1980. Member of central committee of the Kachin Independence Organization since 1975. Became leader of Kachin Independence organization after former leader Zau Mai ousted by the coup in 2001. General Lanung Tu Jai passed away in 2006 and Mr Zawng Hra succeeded over him.
Lanyaw Zawng Hra:
Born in 1935 in Sumpra Bum, Kachin State. Studied at the Kachin Baptist School in Myitkyina before being admitted to Rangoon University in 1955. Acquired a BA degree a few years later and worked for a while as sub-divisional officer of Sumprabum. Joined the Kachin rebles in 1963. General secretary of Kachin Independence organization since1976; attended peace talk in Rangoon in 1980. Accompanied Brang Seng abroad in 1987; returned to Kachin State in 1988. Became a vice Chairman of KIO after coup in early of 2001. Mr Lanyaw Zawng Hra became Chairman of the KIC, KIO 2006.
Zahkung Ting Ying:
Kachin of Ngochan tribe from the Yunnan frontier. Broke with the Kachin Independence Army and joined the Communist Party of Burma in early 1968. Established the CPB's 101 War Zone in the Panwa-Kambaiti area of eastern Kachin State together with Zalum, another KIA defector. Joined the 1989 mutiny, and his former CPB unit, now renamed the New Democratic Army-Kachin, was legalized on 15 December 1989 .Becomes government-recognized militia force and current leader of New Democratic Army-Kachin.
Gauri Zau Seng:
Born in 1942 in Myitkyina. Science student at Rangoon University in the early 1960s; active in Kachin Student movement. Went underground in 1964 with the Kachin Independence Army. Succeeded Zau Tu as commander of the KIA 's 2nd Brigade (western Kachin State) in 1975. Became member of the central committee of the Kachin Independence Organization 1977. Led a Kachin delegation to the Thai border in 1983, (the first time since the assassination of Zau Seng, Zau Tu and Phungshwi Zau Seng in 1975). Vice chairman of the National Democratic Front in July 1991. The main Kachin representative in Thailand since 1983. Leading member and policy maker of the Kachin Independence Organization after 2001 coup . Vice president of KIO after reshuffling some senior leaders due to the possible coup attempt in its headquarter in January 2004.
The Following are Kachin Publications: -
Jinghpaw Prat (The Jinghpaw Era):
The first and only Kachin language weekly newspaper ever in circulation, The Jinghpaw Prat., was founded in 1958 by Zau Bawn, the editor of publication. The Jinghpaw Prat was distributed weekly until it was forced to cease publication in 1962 after Ne Win seized power by military coup and ordered to halt all independent newspaper publications.Shi Laika Ningnan( New issue newspaper):
In 1943, the earliest Kachin language newspaper was published in India and distributed to northern Burma. The paper mainly covering battle news about Alliance and Japanese forces of the World War II was then airdropped into the Kachin-inhabited area.Wunrawt Journal (The Progressive):
In 1998, there was another effort at establishing a vernacular press, with publication of the Kachin language monthly journal, Wun Rawt(The Progressive). The journal covered news, opinion and articles concerning to Kachin in Burma. After five issues, the editor was arrested in Rangoon for failing to submit his publication to the Press Scrutiny Board (PSB) censorship committee for publications, and the paper was shut down.The Kachin Post:
Monthly Kachin language newspaper published on February 1, 2002, in Chiang Mai, Thailand by editor Naw Seng and some Kachin youth who are committed in freedom of press, independent journalism and democracy. The Kachin Post started launching online version at www.kachinpost.com on September 1, 2003.Hparat Ninghkawng (Wisdom Power) Magazine:
Annual magazine published by Kachin Literature and Culture sub-committee of University of Yangon.Chyurum Shalat (Kachin brotherhood development) Magazine: Annual magazine published by Kachin Literature and Culture sub-committee of University of Mandalay.
Buga Shanan ( Homeland's Light) Magazine:
Annual magazine published by Kachin Literature and Culture sub-committee of University of Myitkyina.Pahtau (Triumph )Magazine:
Annual magazine published by Kachin Student studying at the Myanmar Institute of Theology in Insein, Rangoon.Myihtoi Ma (spiritual media) Magazine:
Annual magazine published by Nawng Nang Kachin Theological College, in Myitkyina Kachin State.Tsanlun( Olive biblical ) Magazine:
Published annually by the Kachin Baptist Youth Committee of Myitkyina region, Kachin State. The magazine covers regilion and activities of Baptist youth in Myitkyina. It was established in 1988.Jawprat ( Century) 21 Journal:
Published every three months by the Youth section of Kachin Baptist Convention (KBC). The paper mainly covers regilious affairs and activities of Kachin Baptist Churches as well as culture issues. It is distributed with the Churches.Gindai ( Central) Journal:
Published every three months by All Kachin Students and Youth Union (AKSYU) based in India. The paper covers politic, democracy and Human rights issues.It was established in 1997.Padang Shiga (Victory News):
A monthly newsletter published by the Kachin in Japan to cover local news and activities as well as culture pieces. It was established in 1992.Ram Padang (Youth Victory) Journal :
Quarter-annual journal published on October 1 2004 by Kachin Youth Fellowship Committee from Kachin Sub-State in northern Shan State, Burma .
*For more info please refer to :
1. "Burma Insurgency and the Politics of Ethnicity by Martin Smith, 2nd Edition 1999".
2. "Burma: Insurgency and the Politics of Ethnicity by Smith, Martin",
3. "Land of Jade by Bertil Lintner (A Journey from India through Northern Burma to China)".
4. "Political Systems of Highland Burma: A Study of Kachin Social Structure (London School of Economics Monographs on Social Anthropology) by Edmund Ronald Leach"
5. "Burma: Frontier Photographs 1918-1935 (published in 2000, edited by Elizabeth Dell, Mandy Sadan)". (boxun.com)
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How are Kachin???
WHO ARE THE KACHINS? Kachins are Jinghpaw, Maru (Lawngwaw), Lashi (Lachit), Zaiwa (Azi), Rawang, Lisu (some books mention Yodwin) and five other sub-groups. These six major groups, including five other different sub-groups, are together known as Kachins. They have same traditions, customs, dialects and practices. Kachins originated from Central Asia (Ka-ang Shingra). They migrated from Central Asia via Persia; Tashkent and Sarmakand (Southern Russia); Mongolia; Huhethot, Kan Su, Tsing Hai Districts, Yalo Tsangpo of Republic of China. Then they were back to the Tsing Hai District (China) and landed to the place called: Chengtu (China). Then they finally migrated to the present occupied land called: The Kachinland. After migrating to the land, some of them strayed away to India (Singphos), China (Jingpos or Jinghpos, most of them in China speak Zaiwa) and most of the Kachins migrated to the Northern Burma: Kachinland. It is only about 2662 years old that the Kachins live in the present land. They were explorers, and were moving along the riverbanks where they could find fertile lands. WHERE DO THE KACHINS LIVE? Most of the Kachins live in their own land. They had a separate country before the British Rule, but then it became a part of Burma after the Rule. Total area of the Kachinland measures about 33,903 square miles, located between 23o-3' to 28o - 29' N Latitude and 96o - 99o E Longitudes. Kachinland is adjoining with Peoples Republic of China in the East, Democratic Republic of India in the West, Tibet in the North and Burma in the South. About 50% of the total area of the Kachinland are hills and mountains up to the height of 5,881 metres above the sea level. Kachinland is rich in natural resources. Jades and teak-timbers are the best in quality, and production of gold per unit area is the highest, in the world. The land is covered with undisturbed-natural forests. The rarest natural species like Black Orchids, White Pheasants, and golden fishes in the confluence of Mali and Nmai rivers are observed. There are mainly three seasons in the Kachinland viz., Yinam ta , sometimes also written as Lanam ta (Rainy Season), i.e., middle of May to middle of October; N'lum ta (Summer Season) is from middle of February to middle of May, and N'shung ta (Winter Season) starts from middle of October and ends in February. Annual Mean Daily Temperature ranges from 4 - 36 oC with 60 - 95% Relative Humidity. Hill cities, like Putao, have a very low temperature ranging from -4 to 18oC with low humidity. The uppermost part of Kachinland, including the most beautiful Plateau-city (Putao) falls in temperate zone. The maximum temperature of 40 oC was recorded in 1996. Annual rainfall ranges from 80 to 200 inches. More rainfall has been observed in mountainous parts of the land. Myitkyina (is the capital city, estimated living about 4-6 million people including Non-Kachins (NKs.), Manmaw (Bhamo), Mukawng (Mogaung), Putau-U (Putao), Mohnyin, and Katha are the major cities of the Kachinland. International airport and the second largest station of Burmese railway are located in Myikyina. Ledo Road (some literature mentioned as Old StilWell Road) is connected to the world via China in the east and via India in the west. The Road is one of the most ever expensive ones in the world spending more than US $ 137 millions in some 1942 - 1944, constructed under the leadership of Gen. Stil Well. Captain E R Leech, Dr Ola Hanson, were some of the famous authors who wrote about the Kachins. Meanwhile, due to envitable circumstances of communication with the people, they could not mention the true to type of the Kachins. This book though not mentions about the Kachins in detail, it gives you true colours and real History of the Kachins in brief. This is just a brief Introduction about the Kachins. The book: Kachins are Not Tribe, is yet to be completed due to complexity of Five or more Families. The research is done by the authoret al with the due effort to support the statement while taking care of the word: Tribe. Strictly speaking, Kachins are not Tribe - they have their own Class with Five Ruling families viz., Lahtaw, Lahpai, Nhkum, Maran and Marip. Kachins originated from Ka-ang shingra and the civilization started in Majoi Shingra. Most of the Kachins and other workers understand that the Word Majoi Shingra as Mount Everest as it pronounces closely to it. The right pronunciation of the word: Majoi Shingra and its meaning for what we want is entirely different from what some of others think. Majoi Shingra for Mount Everest is a bit higher as in majoi tsun ai and Majoi Shingra for what is that not clear to us pronounces a bit lower in Majoi as in Lu Htoi orwan htoi. Thus, original place of the Kachins are not yet clear because of the gap of communication to translate Mungding Ga (Historical Words) spoken by ancestors of the Kachins. Ka-angitself is clear, meaning: Centre while Shingra is difficult to understand at this time. Shingra, in other words, means nature or melancholy. The word melancholy is not applicable in terms of Anthropological view. Yet, there is another Mungding Ga: Majoi Shingra, to be translated. If the Word Ka-ang Shingra and Majoi Shingra is clear, the original place of the Kachins will be clear accordingly.
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Jinghpaw Mungdaw n htoi, Laiza
KIO Held Military Parade with its more than 1,000 Troops to mark the 47 Anniversary Day of the Kachin Revolution Lt. General Nban La Awng, Vice Presindent of the Kachin Independence Council, at the KIA Military Parade on the 47 Anniversary Day of Kachin Revolution 2008 ning, February praw (5) ya shani (47) ning hpring Rawt Malan ninghtoi masat Tingnyang Up a shana lu sha poi hta Tingnyang Up Malai II Dr.Manam Tu Ja tsun shaga ai mungga. Kachin Independence Army at the Military Parade on 5 February 2008 to Mark the 47 Anniversary Day of Kachin Revolution, Laiza Cammander, Col. Kum Htat Gam, of the KIO Relationship Office, Myitkyina and NDA (K) leaders at Dinner Party Dr Manam Tu Ja, Vice-Chairman -II of the KIO giving speech to audience during Dinner Party Gorkha Brethrens Participated in the 47 Anniversary Day of Kachin Revolution Day Shan Brethrens Participated in the 47 Anniversary Day of Kachin Revolution Day Brg. Gen. San Tun at the Opening Ceremony of Sinpraw Majoi Nau Gup Manau Festival Fear but Here: Burmese Soldiers have different thoughts of the Day!
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Kachin State Commander (Northern Commander) requests KIO to drive out Chinese Workers from its controlled areas
Nothern Command
30 July 2009 – Military government of Myanmar, Kachin State Commander or Northern Commander Brigadier Soe Win requests Kachin Independence Organisation (KIO) to drive Chinese businessmen and workers from the organisation controlled regions on July 22.
This comes after KIO sent mediators to Nay-Pyi-Daw, Myanmar's Capital. At the same time, both the sides, military government and ceasefire groups, play military games and tricks to fulfill their ambitions before 2010 election. It is believed that the both sides have well-prepared for possible civil war in the regions.
Rumour has also been spread in Myitkyina, Kachin State capital, that the KIO is well-prepared to face war allover the country in any circumstances and people are ready to join.
Other News in Brief
Chinese government has set up three more hydro-electric power plants in upper Nmai Hka, Myanmar's second largest river flowing from North-east merged with Ayeyarwady down to Indo-China Seas. This comes after Second Senior General Maung Aye's visit to China in early May this year.
Also in the news that the China-Myanmar Border Trading Points namely Muse, Lwejei, Laiza, Chinshwehaw and Kambaiti trading points will be re-open, which were temporarily closed in June 2006.
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Myen gaw KIO hpyi ai hpe jaw mai ai: Myitkyina Hkristan Kongsi
Myen hpyen asuya de "Wunpawng Mungdan Shanglawt Hpung (KIO) hpyi tawn ai lan hpe myit yu ya nna jaw mai ai" nga nna, Myitkyina Hkristan Kongsi gaw daini Jinghpaw mungdaw mare daju Myitkyina e galaw ai Myen Taimu hte hkrum ai zuphpawng hta tang shawn dat sai lam, chye lu ai.
Alak mi, Myen a Dingdung Daw Daju Taimu (dap up) Du Daju Soe Win hte J.W Hkristan nawku hpung hkum hkra na sara ni hkrum shaga ai lam hpe, Myitkyina, Aung Nan Yik Ta na St. Columban Hkahtaw Lik hpung wang e jahpawt hkying 9 kawn 12 lapran galaw ai hta ndai zawn Myitkyina Hkristan Kongsi (Myitkyina Christian Council, MCC) kawn hpyen asuya de hpyi shawn dat ai re lam, zuphpawng shanglawm ai Myitkyina na Rev. Gregory kawn chye lu ai.
Hti dan sai MCC a hpyi shawn laika hta, "MCC gaw Myen hte KIO/A lapran masa lam amyu myu a majaw majan bai byin na hpe tsepkawp n ra sharawng ai lam hte, mungdan asuya hku nna mung KIO a hpyi shawn ai lam hpe myit yu ya nna, jaw mai ai lam" ni re lam, MCC sara ni kawn chye lu ai.
MCC hpe Myitkyina mare kaba nga ai J.W Hkristan nawku hpung 4 rai nga ai, Hkalup, Hkahtaw Lik, Shanglawt Hkristan hte Anglican nawku hpung ni hte hpaw ninghtan tawn ai re.
Taimu Soe Win hku nna du sa ai nawku hpung sara ni hpe mungga tsun ai hta, KIO a ya hpang jahtum hpyen asuya de hpyi shawn ai "mungmasa hte hpyendap ahkaw ahkang" hte seng nna n mai byin ai lam hpe madung dat sanglang mat ai lam, chye lu ai.
KIO hpyi shawn ai mungmasa ahkaw ahkang gaw, htaning na ralata poi galaw lu nna dai kawn pru wa na Jinghpaw mungdaw asuya n'nan a uphkang dap (administration), upadi ka jahkrat dap (legislation) hte tara jeyang dap (Judiciary) ni hta KIO salang ni ading tawk shanglawm na lam re.
Ndai lam ntsa Taimu wa sanglang dan sai gaw, ya ten na hpyen asuya galaw nga ai mungmasa hte maren KIO hpyi ai hpe n jaw lu na rai nna, maga mi de KIO salang ni hku nna tinang a mungmasa pati ni hpaw nna htaning na ralata poi hta shang shingjawng lawm mai ai lam hte tingkyeng sut hpaga bungli ni galaw mai ai lam, tsun wa ai lam, chye lu ai. Lama ndai lam hpe KIO salang ni galaw ai rai yang, dai bungli ni awngdang hkra mung hpyen asuya hku nna alak garum jaw mai ai lam ni tsun wa sai hpe kahtap chye lu ai.
Bai nna, KIO gaw tinang KIA dap hpe tinang san uphkang ai Jinghpaw Ginra Makawp Maga Dap (Kachin Regional Guard Force, KRGF) hku hkrang galai na hpyi shawn tawn ai lam ntsa mung, KRGF gaw hpyen asuya matsun ai "Jarit Sin Hpyendap (Border Guard Force, BGF) ram pyi ahkaw ahkang n lu na re hpe Taimu wa tsun wa ai lam, chye lu ai.
Hpa majaw nga yang, BGF gaw mungdan madang hku nga mat masa re majaw KRGF hte shingdaw yang hpa ahkaw ahkang lam hta mung grau ai, raitim, KRGF gaw "Kachin" ngu ai gabaw dat tawn ai majaw, hpa ahkaw ahkang lu na n re nga nna, sanglang dan ai lam chye lu ai.
Taimu gaw Mungdan a Gawda ai Tara Kanu n'nan a hpyendap hte seng ai tara kanu hte maigan mungdan na hpyendap uphkang hkrang ni hpe mung madi madun nna, KIA hpe mungdan hpyendap a matsun npu na BGF hku nga na hpe mai kaja ai hte tsawra shawang myit kaba hte tsun ai re nga nna, galu galang sanglang dan sai lam, zuphpawng lawm sara ni kawn chye lu ai.
Daini na zuphpawng hta Myitkyina, Manmaw, KIO uphkang shara Laiza, Mugawng, Munyin, Hopin, Danai hte Hpakant ni hta nga ai buga hpung hkum hkra 22 na hpung woi ni marai 150 ram hte hpyen asuya a Jinghpaw Mungdaw hte Myitkyina ginwang uphkang rung na salang ni mung sa du lawm ai lam, chye lu ai.
Dai hta, J.W Hkalup Hpung Ginjaw (KBC) amumadu dingsa hte simsa lam tam lapran salang rai nga ai, Rev. Dr. Lahtaw Saboi Jum mung sa du lawm sai lam, zuphpawng lawm hpung sara ni hpe lakap let chye lu ai.
Lamang de du sa ai hpung sara ni hpe Taimu wa hku nna hpyi lajin dat ai hta--- "Mungdan shinggan na tsun ai ga hpe tsepkawp n mai hkap la ai lam hte dai lam hpe tinang a nawku hpung masha ni hpe mung chye na hkra wa tsun dan na matu" re lam, hpung sara ni kawn chye lu ai.
Daini na zuphpawng hta Taimu wa hte hpung sara ni lapran san-htai lamang kadun mung galaw lu sai rai nna, lamang hpe shani ga-ang hkying 12 e malu masha ma mi jawm sha nna ginchyum dat la sai lam, chye lu ai.
MCC sara ni kawn chye lu ai hta, ndai zuphpawng galaw na matu, Rev. Dr. Lahtaw Saboi Jum hku nna Myen Taimu Soe Win hpe hpaji jaw sai hte maren, ya na zawn Taimu a MCC de shiga shana garum hpyi ai lam hpe MCC woi galaw wa ai re, nga ai.
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